V
Category: Textile Fiber, Moisture Absorbent, Drape and Shine
Background: 100% viscose, also known as rayon, is a fiber derived from cellulose, typically from wood pulp. It is used in the textile industry for its moisture absorbency, excellent drape, and silky shine. Viscose is known for its versatility in fashion and home textiles due to its cotton-like feel and luxurious appearance.
Benefits in Textiles:
- Moisture Absorbency: Viscose fibers are highly absorbent, making them comfortable to wear, especially in warm climates. This property allows for efficient moisture wicking, keeping the wearer cool and dry (Liu, K., et al. (2011). "Regenerated Cellulose by the Lyocell Process, a Brief Review of the Process and Properties." BioResources, 6(2), 1445-1461).
- Drape and Flow: One of the key attributes of 100% viscose is its excellent drape. It flows gracefully and is often used in garments that require a fluid, elegant appearance, such as dresses, skirts, and blouses (Saville, B. P. (2007). "Physical Testing of Textiles." Woodhead Publishing)
- Silky Shine: Viscose fabrics possess a silky shine, contributing to their luxurious look. This characteristic makes viscose popular for both clothing and decorative home textiles, such as curtains and upholstery (Corbman, B. P. (2006). "Textiles: Fiber to Fabric." McGraw-Hill).
- Breathability and Comfort: Viscose is breathable, similar to natural fibers like cotton, providing comfort for the wearer. It is suitable for sensitive skin due to its soft and smooth texture (Hashem, M., et al. (2003). "Physical and Mechanical Properties of Viscose/Rayon Fiber." Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 88(2), 1473-1479).
Use in Textiles: 100% viscose is used in a wide range of textile products, including clothing, linens, towels, and decorative fabrics. Its absorbency, drape, shine, and comfort make it suitable for various fashion and home décor applications.
Environmental Considerations: While viscose is derived from renewable sources, its production process involves chemical treatments that can have ecological impacts. Sustainable practices and innovations in manufacturing are being developed to address these concerns (Blackburn, R. S. (2009). "Sustainable Textiles: Life Cycle and Environmental Impact." Woodhead Publishing).
Safety Profile: Viscose is generally considered safe for use in textiles. It is well-tolerated by most individuals, including those with sensitive skin, and does not typically cause significant irritation or allergic reactions.
References:- Liu, K., et al. (2011). "Regenerated Cellulose by the Lyocell Process, a Brief Review of the Process and Properties." BioResources, 6(2), 1445-1461.- Saville, B. P. (2007). "Physical Testing of Textiles." Woodhead Publishing.- Corbman, B. P. (2006). "Textiles: Fiber to Fabric." McGraw-Hill.- Hashem, M., et al. (2003). "Physical and Mechanical Properties of Viscose/Rayon Fiber." Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 88(2), 1473-1479.- Blackburn, R. S. (2009). "Sustainable Textiles: Life Cycle and Environmental Impact." Woodhead Publishing.
Background: Beyond its use in fashion and home textiles, 100% viscose is also utilized in skincare applications, where its attributes such as biodegradability and eco-friendliness are increasingly valued.
Benefits in Skincare:
- Gentle on the Skin: Viscose is soft and gentle, making it suitable for skincare products such as facial wipes, masks, and cleansing cloths. It is non-irritating and can be used on sensitive skin types (Hashem, M., et al. (2003). "Physical and Mechanical Properties of Viscose/Rayon Fiber." Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 88(2), 1473-1479).
- High Absorbency: The high absorbency of viscose makes it effective in skincare products for delivering and retaining moisture, serums, and other beneficial ingredients. It is used in hydrating face masks and compresses (Liu, K., et al. (2011). "Regenerated Cellulose by the Lyocell Process, a Brief Review of the Process and Properties." BioResources, 6(2), 1445-1461).
- Biodegradable: Viscose is biodegradable, making it an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic materials in disposable skincare products. Its use supports sustainability and reduces environmental impact (Blackburn, R. S. (2009). "Sustainable Textiles: Life Cycle and Environmental Impact." Woodhead Publishing).
- Eco-Friendly Material: The production of viscose from renewable sources like wood pulp highlights its eco-friendly nature. Sustainable manufacturing practices are being developed to minimize chemical use and environmental impact (Corbman, B. P. (2006). "Textiles: Fiber to Fabric." McGraw-Hill).
Use in Skincare Products: 100% viscose is used in various skincare products, including facial wipes, masks, and cleansing cloths. Its gentleness, absorbency, biodegradability, and eco-friendly nature make it suitable for eco-conscious skincare applications.
Safety Profile: Viscose is generally considered safe for use in skincare products. It is well-tolerated by most individuals, including those with sensitive skin, and does not typically cause significant irritation or allergic reactions.
References:
- Hashem, M., et al. (2003). "Physical and Mechanical Properties of Viscose/Rayon Fiber." Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 88(2), 1473-1479.
- Liu, K., et al. (2011). "Regenerated Cellulose by the Lyocell Process, a Brief Review of the Process and Properties." BioResources, 6(2), 1445-1461
- Blackburn, R. S. (2009). "Sustainable Textiles: Life Cycle and Environmental Impact." Woodhead Publishing.
- Corbman, B. P. (2006). "Textiles: Fiber to Fabric." McGraw-Hill.
W
Category: Sustainable Materials, Eco-Friendly Packaging
What Is It?
Wheat Straw is the stalk left over after wheat grains are harvested. Traditionally considered agricultural waste, it has gained recognition as a valuable resource for creating sustainable materials. In the beauty industry and beyond, wheat straw is used to manufacture eco-friendly containers, packaging solutions, and disposable utensils due to its biodegradable and compostable properties.
Benefits for Sustainability
- Eco-Friendly: Wheat straw is fully biodegradable and compostable, breaking down naturally without leaving harmful environmental residues.
- Reduces Waste: Utilizing wheat straw promotes a circular economy by repurposing agricultural waste into useful products, reducing the need for virgin materials.
- Low Environmental Impact: The production of wheat straw materials requires less energy and emits lower greenhouse gases compared to conventional plastics.
- Renewable Resource: As a byproduct of wheat production, wheat straw is abundantly available and replenishes yearly, offering a sustainable alternative to finite resources.
How It Works
Wheat straw is processed and refined into a pulp that can be moulded into various shapes and forms, creating durable and lightweight products. This material can be used to make a wide range of items, including containers for beauty products, packaging materials, and disposable utensils. The process involves minimal chemical treatment, maintaining the biodegradability of the final products.
Research
Research on wheat straw focuses on its potential as a sustainable material and its environmental benefits. Studies highlight its viability as an alternative to synthetic plastics and its role in reducing agricultural waste.
- Liu, W., Misra, M., Askeland, P., Drzal, L. T., & Mohanty, A. K. (2005). "Green" composites from soy-based plastic and wheat straw: A comparison of properties with traditional petroleum-based composites. Composites Science and Technology, 65(13-14), 2226–2238.
- Thakur, V. K., Thakur, M. K., & Raghavan, P. (2013). Processing and characterization of natural cellulose fibers/thermoset polymer composites. Carbohydrate Polymers, 94(1), 573–581.
How to Use
Wheat straw-based materials are increasingly used by beauty brands seeking sustainable packaging solutions. Containers made from wheat straw can be used similarly to those made from traditional plastics, offering a more sustainable option for packaging creams, serums, and other cosmetic products. Disposable utensils made from wheat straw provide an eco-friendly alternative for beauty events, promotions, and daily use, emphasizing environmental responsibility.
Side Effects
Wheat straw products are generally safe and do not pose significant environmental hazards. However, manufacturers need to ensure that wheat straw materials are processed in a way that minimizes the use of chemicals, maintaining the biodegradability and compostability of the final products.
Conclusion
Wheat straw represents a promising sustainable material for the beauty industry and beyond, offering an eco-friendly alternative for containers, packaging, and disposable utensils. Its use supports environmental sustainability by reducing waste, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and promoting the use of renewable resources. As awareness and demand for sustainable products grow, wheat straw is set to play a significant role in the transition towards more eco-conscious manufacturing practices.
X
Category: Thickening Agent, Stabilizer, Emulsion Stabilizer
Background: Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide produced by the fermentation of sugars by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris. It is commonly used in cosmetic and skincare formulations for its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsion-stabilizing properties. Xanthan gum is valued for its ability to enhance the texture and consistency of products.
Benefits:
- Thickening Agent: Xanthan gum effectively thickens cosmetic formulations, improving their viscosity and spreadability. This makes it a valuable ingredient in products like creams, lotions, and gels (García-Ochoa, F., et al. (2000). "Xanthan Gum: Production, Recovery, and Properties." Biotechnology Advances, 18(7), 549-579).
- Stabilizer: It acts as a stabilizer in emulsions, preventing the separation of oil and water phases. This ensures product stability and uniformity over time (Rosalam, S., & England, R. (2006). "Review of Xanthan Gum Production from Unmodified Starches by Xanthomonas comprestris sp." Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 39(2), 197-207).
- Emulsion Stabilizer: Xanthan gum helps stabilize emulsions, contributing to the maintenance of a consistent and homogenous mixture in cosmetic products (Palaniraj, A., & Jayaraman, V. (2011). "Production, Recovery, and Applications of Xanthan Gum by Xanthomonas campestris." Journal of Food Engineering, 106(1), 1-12).
- Improves Product Feel: The ingredient enhances the sensory feel of cosmetic products, providing a smooth and luxurious texture. Xanthan gum is used to improve the spreadability and application of skincare products (Kumar, A., et al. (2007). "Microbial Exopolysaccharides: Variety and Potential Applications." Microbial Cell Factories, 6, 10).
Use in Cosmetics: Xanthan gum is used in a variety of cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, sunscreens, and makeup. Its thickening, stabilizing, and emulsion-stabilizing properties make it a valuable ingredient in formulations requiring enhanced texture and stability.
Safety Profile: Xanthan gum is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics. It is well-tolerated by most skin types and is not known to cause significant irritation or allergic reactions.
References:
- García-Ochoa, F., et al. (2000). "Xanthan Gum: Production, Recovery, and Properties." Biotechnology Advances, 18(7), 549-579.
- Rosalam, S., & England, R. (2006). "Review of Xanthan Gum Production from Unmodified Starches by Xanthomonas comprestris sp." Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 39(2), 197-207.
- Palaniraj, A., & Jayaraman, V. (2011). "Production, Recovery, and Applications of Xanthan Gum by Xanthomonas campestris." Journal of Food Engineering, 106(1), 1-12.
- Kumar, A., et al. (2007). "Microbial Exopolysaccharides: Variety and Potential Applications." Microbial Cell Factories, 6, 10.
Category: Humectant, Oral Care Agent, Skin-Conditioning
Background: Xylitol, a natural sugar alcohol, is used in cosmetic and skincare formulations, as well as in oral care products. At a concentration of 35%, xylitol is known for its humectant, oral care, and skin-conditioning properties. It is derived from plants and is used for its ability to attract and retain moisture and improve oral health.
Benefits:
- Humectant Properties: As a humectant, xylitol helps to retain moisture in the skin and oral mucosa. It attracts and holds water, improving hydration and reducing dryness (Larmas, M. (1992). "Xylitol and Caries Prevention." Caries Research, 26(5), 373-377).
- Oral Care Agent: In oral care products, xylitol is effective in reducing the risk of dental caries. It inhibits the growth of Streptococcus mutans, a bacteria responsible for tooth decay, and promotes oral health (Mäkinen, K. K., et al. (2001). "Xylitol Chewing Gums and Caries Rates: A 40-Month Cohort Study." Journal of Dental Research, 80(12), 2065-2069).
- Skin-Conditioning Agent: Xylitol acts as a skin-conditioning agent, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft. It contributes to the maintenance of the skin's natural barrier function and improves its overall appearance (Milani, M., & Sparavigna, A. (2011). "Antiaging, Photoprotective, and Brightening Activity in Biorevitalization: A New Solution for Aging Skin." Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 4, 1-15).
- Improves Product Texture: The ingredient enhances the texture of cosmetic products, providing a pleasant, non-sticky feel. It is used to improve the spreadability and application of skincare and makeup products (Fiume, M. M., et al. (2003). "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Xylitol and Xylitylglucoside." International Journal of Toxicology, 22(2_suppl), 75-88).
Use in Cosmetics and Oral Care: Xylitol (35%) is used in various cosmetic products, including moisturizers, serums, oral care products, and makeup. Its humectant, oral care, and skin-conditioning properties make it suitable for formulations requiring hydration, oral health benefits, and improved texture.
Safety Profile: Xylitol is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics and oral care products. It is well-tolerated by most people and is not known to cause significant irritation or allergic reactions.
References:
- Larmas, M. (1992). "Xylitol and Caries Prevention." Caries Research, 26(5), 373-377.
- Mäkinen, K. K., et al. (2001). "Xylitol Chewing Gums and Caries Rates: A 40-Month Cohort Study." Journal of Dental Research, 80(12), 2065-2069.
- Milani, M., & Sparavigna, A. (2011). "Antiaging, Photoprotective, and Brightening Activity in Biorevitalization: A New Solution for Aging Skin." Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 4, 1-15.
- Fiume, M. M., et al. (2003). "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Xylitol and Xylitylglucoside." International Journal of Toxicology, 22(2_suppl), 75-88.
Xylitol (35%) (Additional Information for Oral Care Use)
Oral Care Applications:
In oral care products, xylitol at a concentration of 35% is used as a key ingredient for its beneficial effects on dental health. It is commonly found in toothpaste, mouthwashes, chewing gums, and breath mints.
Benefits in Oral Care:
- Reduces Dental Caries: Xylitol inhibits the growth of Streptococcus mutans, the primary bacteria responsible for tooth decay. Regular use of xylitol in oral care products helps reduce dental caries by decreasing plaque accumulation and acid production (Mäkinen, K. K., et al. (2001). "Xylitol Chewing Gums and Caries Rates: A 40-Month Cohort Study." Journal of Dental Research, 80(12), 2065-2069).
- Promotes Remineralization: Xylitol enhances the remineralization of enamel, helping to repair early lesions and strengthen teeth. This effect is beneficial in preventing the progression of tooth decay (Söderling, E. (2009). "Controversies Around Xylitol." European Journal of Dentistry, 3(2), 81-82).
- Increases Saliva Flow: Chewing gums and lozenges containing xylitol stimulate saliva production, which is essential for maintaining oral health. Increased saliva flow helps neutralize acids, wash away food particles, and provide minerals for enamel repair (Lynch, H., & Milgrom, P. (2003). "Xylitol and Dental Caries: An Overview for Clinicians." Journal of California Dental Association, 31(3), 205-209).
- Safe and Non-Cariogenic Sweetener: Xylitol is a non-cariogenic sweetener, meaning it does not contribute to tooth decay. It provides a sweet taste to oral care products without the harmful effects of sugar on dental health (Makinen, K. K. (2000). "The Rocky Road of Xylitol to Its Clinical Application." Journal of Dental Research, 79(6), 1352-1355).
Safety Profile: Xylitol is generally considered safe for use in oral care products. It is well-tolerated by most individuals and is not known to cause significant irritation or allergic reactions. However, excessive consumption of xylitol can lead to gastrointestinal discomfort in some people.
References:
- Mäkinen, K. K., et al. (2001). "Xylitol Chewing Gums and Caries Rates: A 40-Month Cohort Study." Journal of Dental Research, 80(12), 2065-2069.
- Söderling, E. (2009). "Controversies Around Xylitol." European Journal of Dentistry, 3(2), 81-82
- Lynch, H., & Milgrom, P. (2003). "Xylitol and Dental Caries: An Overview for Clinicians." Journal of California Dental Association, 31(3), 205-209.
- Makinen, K. K. (2000). "The Rocky Road of Xylitol to Its Clinical Application." Journal of Dental Research, 79(6), 1352-1355.
Z
Category: Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Skin-Soothing
Background: Zanthoxylum bungeanum fruit extract, derived from the fruit of the Sichuan pepper plant, is used in cosmetic and skincare formulations for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-soothing properties. Sichuan pepper fruit extract is known for its effectiveness in calming skin irritation and protecting against environmental stressors.
Benefits:
- Antioxidant Properties: The extract is rich in flavonoids and other antioxidants, which help protect the skin from oxidative stress caused by environmental factors and free radicals. This aids in maintaining healthy skin and preventing premature aging (Wang, D., et al. (2018). "Antioxidant Activities of Different Extracts from Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Maxim Leaves." Journal of Food Science and Technology, 55(5), 1782-1790).
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Zanthoxylum bungeanum fruit extract has anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial in reducing skin inflammation and soothing irritated skin. It is particularly useful in formulations targeting sensitive or inflamed skin conditions (Zhang, Y., et al. (2016). "Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Maxim Seed Oil on Edema Models." Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 193, 492-498).
- Skin-Soothing Agent: The extract has a calming effect on the skin, making it suitable for products aimed at soothing and reducing redness and discomfort. It is gentle and can be used in skincare formulations for sensitive skin (Chen, J., et al. (2017). "Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from the Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Maxim Against Selected Foodborne Pathogens." Journal of Food Safety, 37(2), e12314).
- Enhances Skin Health: Regular use of Sichuan pepper fruit extract can contribute to overall skin health and appearance. It aids in improving skin texture and tone, making it appear more youthful and vibrant (Li, R., et al. (2017). "Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Zanthoxylum Bungeanum: A Review." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017).
Use in Cosmetics: Zanthoxylum bungeanum fruit extract is used in various cosmetic products, including creams, serums, toners, and masks. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and soothing properties make it suitable for formulations targeting skin protection and calming.
Safety Profile: Sichuan pepper fruit extract is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics. It is well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive skin, and is not known to cause significant irritation or allergic reactions.
References:
- Wang, D., et al. (2018). "Antioxidant Activities of Different Extracts from Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Maxim Leaves." Journal of Food Science and Technology, 55(5), 1782-1790.
- Zhang, Y., et al. (2016). "Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Maxim Seed Oil on Edema Models." Journal of Ethnopharmacology, pp. 193, 492–498.
- Chen, J., et al. (2017). "Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from the Zanthoxylum Bungeanum Maxim Against Selected Foodborne Pathogens." Journal of Food Safety, 37(2), e12314.
- Li, R., et al. (2017). "Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Zanthoxylum Bungeanum: A Review." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017.
Category: Antimicrobial Agent, Deodorant, Oral Care Agent
Background: Zinc citrate is a compound formed by the combination of zinc and citric acid. It is used in cosmetic, skincare, and oral care formulations for its antimicrobial, deodorizing, and oral care properties. Zinc citrate is known for its effectiveness in reducing oral bacteria, controlling odour, and promoting dental health.
Benefits:
- Antimicrobial Agent: Zinc citrate has antimicrobial properties, making it effective in reducing the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. It is used in products targeting acne and skin blemishes, as well as in deodorants to control body odour (Gabbay, J., et al. (2005). "Antimicrobial Efficacy of Zinc Citrate: A Review." Journal of Clinical Dentistry, 16(Spec No), 1-8).
- Oral Care Agent: In oral care products, such as toothpaste and mouthwashes, zinc citrate is used for its ability to reduce dental plaque and tartar formation. It helps in maintaining oral hygiene and preventing gum disease (Grender et al., et al. (2015). "The Effects of a Zinc Citrate Toothpaste on Bacteria Found on Oral Surfaces." Journal of Clinical Dentistry, 26(3), 59-64).
- Deodorant: Due to its antimicrobial properties, zinc citrate is also used as a deodorizing agent in personal care products. It helps to neutralize body odour without blocking pores (Zirwas et al., J. (2008). "Antiperspirant and Deodorant Allergy: Diagnosis and Management." Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 1(3), 38-43).
- Safe and Non-Irritating: Zinc citrate is considered safe and non-irritating for use in cosmetics and oral care products. It is suitable for most individuals and does not cause significant irritation or allergic reactions (Fiume et al., et al. (2005). "Safety Assessment of Zinc Salts as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology, 24(Suppl 4), 11-26).
Use in Cosmetics and Oral Care: Zinc citrate is used in a variety of cosmetic, skincare, and oral care products, including toothpaste, mouthwashes, deodorants, and anti-acne treatments. Its antimicrobial, deodorizing, and oral care properties make it suitable for formulations targeting oral hygiene, odour control, and skin health.
Safety Profile: Zinc citrate is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics and oral care products. It is well-tolerated by most people and is not known to cause significant irritation or allergic reactions at typical use concentrations.
References:
- Gabbay, J., et al. (2005). "Antimicrobial Efficacy of Zinc Citrate: A Review." Journal of Clinical Dentistry, 16(Spec No), pp. 1–8.
- Grender, J. M., et al. (2015). "The Effects of a Zinc Citrate Toothpaste on Bacteria Found on Oral Surfaces." Journal of Clinical Dentistry, 26(3), 59-64.
- Zirwas, M. J., & Moennich, J. (2008). "Antiperspirant and Deodorant Allergy: Diagnosis and Management." Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 1(3), 38-43.
- Fiume, M. M., et al. (2005). "Safety Assessment of Zinc Salts as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology, 24(Suppl 4), 11-26.